draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-18.txt   draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-latest.txt 
HTTPbis Working Group R. Fielding, Ed. HTTPbis Working Group R. Fielding, Ed.
Internet-Draft Adobe Internet-Draft Adobe
Obsoletes: 2616 (if approved) J. Gettys Obsoletes: 2616 (if approved) J. Gettys
Updates: 2817 (if approved) Alcatel-Lucent Updates: 2817 (if approved) Alcatel-Lucent
Intended status: Standards Track J. Mogul Intended status: Standards Track J. Mogul
Expires: July 7, 2012 HP Expires: August 6, 2012 HP
H. Frystyk H. Frystyk
Microsoft Microsoft
L. Masinter L. Masinter
Adobe Adobe
P. Leach P. Leach
Microsoft Microsoft
T. Berners-Lee T. Berners-Lee
W3C/MIT W3C/MIT
Y. Lafon, Ed. Y. Lafon, Ed.
W3C W3C
J. Reschke, Ed. J. Reschke, Ed.
greenbytes greenbytes
January 4, 2012 February 3, 2012
HTTP/1.1, part 2: Message Semantics HTTP/1.1, part 2: Message Semantics
draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-18 draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-latest
Abstract Abstract
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level
protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypertext information protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypertext information
systems. HTTP has been in use by the World Wide Web global systems. HTTP has been in use by the World Wide Web global
information initiative since 1990. This document is Part 2 of the information initiative since 1990. This document is Part 2 of the
seven-part specification that defines the protocol referred to as seven-part specification that defines the protocol referred to as
"HTTP/1.1" and, taken together, obsoletes RFC 2616. "HTTP/1.1" and, taken together, obsoletes RFC 2616.
skipping to change at page 2, line 5 skipping to change at page 2, line 5
Discussion of this draft should take place on the HTTPBIS working Discussion of this draft should take place on the HTTPBIS working
group mailing list (ietf-http-wg@w3.org), which is archived at group mailing list (ietf-http-wg@w3.org), which is archived at
<http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/>. <http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ietf-http-wg/>.
The current issues list is at The current issues list is at
<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/report/3> and related <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/report/3> and related
documents (including fancy diffs) can be found at documents (including fancy diffs) can be found at
<http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/>. <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/>.
The changes in this draft are summarized in Appendix C.19. The changes in this draft are summarized in Appendix C.20.
Status of This Memo Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on July 7, 2012. This Internet-Draft will expire on August 6, 2012.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved. document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents publication of this document. Please review these documents
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7.1. Informational 1xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 7.1. Informational 1xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.1.1. 100 Continue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 7.1.1. 100 Continue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.1.2. 101 Switching Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 7.1.2. 101 Switching Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.2. Successful 2xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 7.2. Successful 2xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7.2.1. 200 OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 7.2.1. 200 OK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7.2.2. 201 Created . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 7.2.2. 201 Created . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7.2.3. 202 Accepted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 7.2.3. 202 Accepted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.2.4. 203 Non-Authoritative Information . . . . . . . . . . 28 7.2.4. 203 Non-Authoritative Information . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.2.5. 204 No Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 7.2.5. 204 No Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.2.6. 205 Reset Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 7.2.6. 205 Reset Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7.2.7. 206 Partial Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7.3. Redirection 3xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 7.3. Redirection 3xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7.3.1. 300 Multiple Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7.3.1. 300 Multiple Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7.3.2. 301 Moved Permanently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.3.2. 301 Moved Permanently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7.3.3. 302 Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 7.3.3. 302 Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7.3.4. 303 See Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 7.3.4. 303 See Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
7.3.5. 304 Not Modified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7.3.5. 305 Use Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.3.6. 305 Use Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7.3.6. 306 (Unused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.3.7. 306 (Unused) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7.3.7. 307 Temporary Redirect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.3.8. 307 Temporary Redirect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7.4. Client Error 4xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.4. Client Error 4xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.4.1. 400 Bad Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7.4.1. 400 Bad Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.4.2. 401 Unauthorized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7.4.2. 402 Payment Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.4.3. 402 Payment Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7.4.3. 403 Forbidden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.4.4. 403 Forbidden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7.4.4. 404 Not Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.4.5. 404 Not Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7.4.5. 405 Method Not Allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.4.6. 405 Method Not Allowed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7.4.6. 406 Not Acceptable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.4.7. 406 Not Acceptable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7.4.7. 408 Request Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.4.8. 407 Proxy Authentication Required . . . . . . . . . . 36 7.4.8. 409 Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.4.9. 408 Request Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7.4.9. 410 Gone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.4.10. 409 Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7.4.10. 411 Length Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.4.11. 410 Gone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7.4.11. 413 Request Representation Too Large . . . . . . . . . 36
7.4.12. 411 Length Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7.4.12. 414 URI Too Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.4.13. 412 Precondition Failed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7.4.13. 415 Unsupported Media Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.4.14. 413 Request Representation Too Large . . . . . . . . . 37 7.4.14. 417 Expectation Failed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.4.15. 414 URI Too Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7.4.15. 426 Upgrade Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.4.16. 415 Unsupported Media Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7.5. Server Error 5xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.4.17. 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable . . . . . . . . . 38
7.4.18. 417 Expectation Failed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.4.19. 426 Upgrade Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.5. Server Error 5xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.5.1. 500 Internal Server Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.5.1. 500 Internal Server Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.5.2. 501 Not Implemented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.5.2. 501 Not Implemented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.5.3. 502 Bad Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.5.3. 502 Bad Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.5.4. 503 Service Unavailable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.5.4. 503 Service Unavailable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.5.5. 504 Gateway Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.5.5. 504 Gateway Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.5.6. 505 HTTP Version Not Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.5.6. 505 HTTP Version Not Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
8. Date/Time Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 8. Date/Time Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9. Header Field Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 9. Header Field Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9.1. Allow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 9.1. Allow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9.2. Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 9.2. Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9.3. Expect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.3. Expect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.4. From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.4. From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.5. Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9.5. Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.6. Max-Forwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 9.6. Max-Forwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.7. Referer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9.7. Referer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.8. Retry-After . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9.8. Retry-After . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.9. Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 9.9. Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
9.10. User-Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 9.10. User-Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
10.1. Method Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 10.1. Method Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
10.2. Status Code Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 10.2. Status Code Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
10.3. Header Field Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 10.3. Header Field Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
11.1. Transfer of Sensitive Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 11.1. Transfer of Sensitive Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
11.2. Encoding Sensitive Information in URIs . . . . . . . . . . 53 11.2. Encoding Sensitive Information in URIs . . . . . . . . . . 52
11.3. Location Headers and Spoofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 11.3. Location Headers and Spoofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.4. Security Considerations for CONNECT . . . . . . . . . . . 54 11.4. Security Considerations for CONNECT . . . . . . . . . . . 53
12. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 12. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
13.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 13.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Appendix A. Changes from RFC 2616 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Appendix A. Changes from RFC 2616 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Appendix B. Collected ABNF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Appendix B. Collected ABNF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Appendix C. Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor before Appendix C. Change Log (to be removed by RFC Editor before
publication) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 publication) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
C.1. Since RFC 2616 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 C.1. Since RFC 2616 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
C.2. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-00 . . . . . . . . . 60 C.2. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-00 . . . . . . . . . 59
C.3. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-01 . . . . . . . . . 60 C.3. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-01 . . . . . . . . . 60
C.4. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-02 . . . . . . . . . 61 C.4. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-02 . . . . . . . . . 60
C.5. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-03 . . . . . . . . . 62 C.5. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-03 . . . . . . . . . 61
C.6. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-04 . . . . . . . . . 62 C.6. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-04 . . . . . . . . . 61
C.7. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-05 . . . . . . . . . 62 C.7. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-05 . . . . . . . . . 62
C.8. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-06 . . . . . . . . . 63 C.8. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-06 . . . . . . . . . 62
C.9. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-07 . . . . . . . . . 63 C.9. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-07 . . . . . . . . . 62
C.10. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-08 . . . . . . . . . 64 C.10. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-08 . . . . . . . . . 63
C.11. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-09 . . . . . . . . . 64 C.11. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-09 . . . . . . . . . 63
C.12. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-10 . . . . . . . . . 64 C.12. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-10 . . . . . . . . . 63
C.13. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-11 . . . . . . . . . 65 C.13. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-11 . . . . . . . . . 64
C.14. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-12 . . . . . . . . . 65 C.14. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-12 . . . . . . . . . 64
C.15. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-13 . . . . . . . . . 66 C.15. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-13 . . . . . . . . . 66
C.16. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-14 . . . . . . . . . 67 C.16. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-14 . . . . . . . . . 66
C.17. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-15 . . . . . . . . . 67 C.17. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-15 . . . . . . . . . 66
C.18. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-16 . . . . . . . . . 67 C.18. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-16 . . . . . . . . . 66
C.19. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-17 . . . . . . . . . 67 C.19. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-17 . . . . . . . . . 67
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 C.20. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-18 . . . . . . . . . 67
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
1. Introduction 1. Introduction
This document defines HTTP/1.1 request and response semantics. Each This document defines HTTP/1.1 request and response semantics. Each
HTTP message, as defined in [Part1], is in the form of either a HTTP message, as defined in [Part1], is in the form of either a
request or a response. An HTTP server listens on a connection for request or a response. An HTTP server listens on a connection for
HTTP requests and responds to each request, in the order received on HTTP requests and responds to each request, in the order received on
that connection, with one or more HTTP response messages. This that connection, with one or more HTTP response messages. This
document defines the commonly agreed upon semantics of the HTTP document defines the commonly agreed upon semantics of the HTTP
uniform interface, the intentions defined by each request method, and uniform interface, the intentions defined by each request method, and
skipping to change at page 7, line 10 skipping to change at page 7, line 10
define specific error handling mechanisms, except in cases where it define specific error handling mechanisms, except in cases where it
has direct impact on security. This is because different uses of the has direct impact on security. This is because different uses of the
protocol require different error handling strategies; for example, a protocol require different error handling strategies; for example, a
Web browser may wish to transparently recover from a response where Web browser may wish to transparently recover from a response where
the Location header field doesn't parse according to the ABNF, the Location header field doesn't parse according to the ABNF,
whereby in a systems control protocol using HTTP, this type of error whereby in a systems control protocol using HTTP, this type of error
recovery could lead to dangerous consequences. recovery could lead to dangerous consequences.
1.2. Syntax Notation 1.2. Syntax Notation
This specification uses the ABNF syntax defined in Section 1.2 of This specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF)
[Part1] (which extends the syntax defined in [RFC5234] with a list notation of [RFC5234] with the list rule extension defined in Section
rule). Appendix B shows the collected ABNF, with the list rule 1.2 of [Part1]. Appendix B shows the collected ABNF with the list
expanded. rule expanded.
The following core rules are included by reference, as defined in The following core rules are included by reference, as defined in
[RFC5234], Appendix B.1: ALPHA (letters), CR (carriage return), CRLF [RFC5234], Appendix B.1: ALPHA (letters), CR (carriage return), CRLF
(CR LF), CTL (controls), DIGIT (decimal 0-9), DQUOTE (double quote), (CR LF), CTL (controls), DIGIT (decimal 0-9), DQUOTE (double quote),
HEXDIG (hexadecimal 0-9/A-F/a-f), HTAB (horizontal tab), LF (line HEXDIG (hexadecimal 0-9/A-F/a-f), HTAB (horizontal tab), LF (line
feed), OCTET (any 8-bit sequence of data), SP (space), and VCHAR (any feed), OCTET (any 8-bit sequence of data), SP (space), and VCHAR (any
visible US-ASCII character). visible US-ASCII character).
1.2.1. Core Rules 1.2.1. Core Rules
The core rules below are defined in [Part1]: The core rules below are defined in [Part1]:
BWS = <BWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> BWS = <BWS, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.1>
OWS = <OWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> OWS = <OWS, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.1>
RWS = <RWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> RWS = <RWS, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.1>
obs-text = <obs-text, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> obs-text = <obs-text, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.4>
quoted-string = <quoted-string, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.3> quoted-string = <quoted-string, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.4>
token = <token, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.3> token = <token, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.4>
1.2.2. ABNF Rules defined in other Parts of the Specification 1.2.2. ABNF Rules defined in other Parts of the Specification
The ABNF rules below are defined in other parts: The ABNF rules below are defined in other parts:
absolute-URI = <absolute-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7> absolute-URI = <absolute-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7>
comment = <comment, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2> comment = <comment, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.4>
partial-URI = <partial-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7> partial-URI = <partial-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7>
product = <product, defined in [Part1], Section 5.2> product = <product, defined in [Part1], Section 5.2>
URI-reference = <URI-reference, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7> URI-reference = <URI-reference, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7>
2. Method 2. Method
The Method token indicates the request method to be performed on the The Method token indicates the request method to be performed on the
target resource (Section 4.3 of [Part1]). The method is case- target resource (Section 4.3 of [Part1]). The method is case-
sensitive. sensitive.
skipping to change at page 10, line 6 skipping to change at page 10, line 6
New header fields are registered using the procedures described in New header fields are registered using the procedures described in
[RFC3864]. [RFC3864].
The requirements for header field names are defined in Section 4.1 of The requirements for header field names are defined in Section 4.1 of
[RFC3864]. Authors of specifications defining new fields are advised [RFC3864]. Authors of specifications defining new fields are advised
to keep the name as short as practical, and not to prefix them with to keep the name as short as practical, and not to prefix them with
"X-" if they are to be registered (either immediately or in the "X-" if they are to be registered (either immediately or in the
future). future).
New header field values typically have their syntax defined using New header field values typically have their syntax defined using
ABNF ([RFC5234]), using the extensions defined in Section 1.2.1 of ABNF ([RFC5234]), using the extension defined in Section 3.2.5 of
[Part1] as necessary, and are usually constrained to the range of [Part1] as necessary, and are usually constrained to the range of
ASCII characters. Header fields needing a greater range of ASCII characters. Header fields needing a greater range of
characters can use an encoding such as the one defined in [RFC5987]. characters can use an encoding such as the one defined in [RFC5987].
Because commas (",") are used as a generic delimiter between field- Because commas (",") are used as a generic delimiter between field-
values, they need to be treated with care if they are allowed in the values, they need to be treated with care if they are allowed in the
field-value's payload. Typically, components that might contain a field-value's payload. Typically, components that might contain a
comma are protected with double-quotes using the quoted-string ABNF comma are protected with double-quotes using the quoted-string ABNF
production (Section 3.2.3 of [Part1]). production (Section 3.2.4 of [Part1]).
For example, a textual date and a URI (either of which might contain For example, a textual date and a URI (either of which might contain
a comma) could be safely carried in field-values like these: a comma) could be safely carried in field-values like these:
Example-URI-Field: "http://example.com/a.html,foo", Example-URI-Field: "http://example.com/a.html,foo",
"http://without-a-comma.example.com/" "http://without-a-comma.example.com/"
Example-Date-Field: "Sat, 04 May 1996", "Wed, 14 Sep 2005" Example-Date-Field: "Sat, 04 May 1996", "Wed, 14 Sep 2005"
Note that double quote delimiters almost always are used with the Note that double quote delimiters almost always are used with the
quoted-string production; using a different syntax inside double quoted-string production; using a different syntax inside double
skipping to change at page 14, line 25 skipping to change at page 14, line 25
| 204 | No Content | Section 7.2.5 | | 204 | No Content | Section 7.2.5 |
| 205 | Reset Content | Section 7.2.6 | | 205 | Reset Content | Section 7.2.6 |
| 206 | Partial Content | Section 3.1 of | | 206 | Partial Content | Section 3.1 of |
| | | [Part5] | | | | [Part5] |
| 300 | Multiple Choices | Section 7.3.1 | | 300 | Multiple Choices | Section 7.3.1 |
| 301 | Moved Permanently | Section 7.3.2 | | 301 | Moved Permanently | Section 7.3.2 |
| 302 | Found | Section 7.3.3 | | 302 | Found | Section 7.3.3 |
| 303 | See Other | Section 7.3.4 | | 303 | See Other | Section 7.3.4 |
| 304 | Not Modified | Section 4.1 of | | 304 | Not Modified | Section 4.1 of |
| | | [Part4] | | | | [Part4] |
| 305 | Use Proxy | Section 7.3.6 | | 305 | Use Proxy | Section 7.3.5 |
| 307 | Temporary Redirect | Section 7.3.8 | | 307 | Temporary Redirect | Section 7.3.7 |
| 400 | Bad Request | Section 7.4.1 | | 400 | Bad Request | Section 7.4.1 |
| 401 | Unauthorized | Section 3.1 of | | 401 | Unauthorized | Section 3.1 of |
| | | [Part7] | | | | [Part7] |
| 402 | Payment Required | Section 7.4.3 | | 402 | Payment Required | Section 7.4.2 |
| 403 | Forbidden | Section 7.4.4 | | 403 | Forbidden | Section 7.4.3 |
| 404 | Not Found | Section 7.4.5 | | 404 | Not Found | Section 7.4.4 |
| 405 | Method Not Allowed | Section 7.4.6 | | 405 | Method Not Allowed | Section 7.4.5 |
| 406 | Not Acceptable | Section 7.4.7 | | 406 | Not Acceptable | Section 7.4.6 |
| 407 | Proxy Authentication | Section 3.2 of | | 407 | Proxy Authentication | Section 3.2 of |
| | Required | [Part7] | | | Required | [Part7] |
| 408 | Request Time-out | Section 7.4.9 | | 408 | Request Time-out | Section 7.4.7 |
| 409 | Conflict | Section 7.4.10 | | 409 | Conflict | Section 7.4.8 |
| 410 | Gone | Section 7.4.11 | | 410 | Gone | Section 7.4.9 |
| 411 | Length Required | Section 7.4.12 | | 411 | Length Required | Section 7.4.10 |
| 412 | Precondition Failed | Section 4.2 of | | 412 | Precondition Failed | Section 4.2 of |
| | | [Part4] | | | | [Part4] |
| 413 | Request Representation Too | Section 7.4.14 | | 413 | Request Representation Too | Section 7.4.11 |
| | Large | | | | Large | |
| 414 | URI Too Long | Section 7.4.15 | | 414 | URI Too Long | Section 7.4.12 |
| 415 | Unsupported Media Type | Section 7.4.16 | | 415 | Unsupported Media Type | Section 7.4.13 |
| 416 | Requested range not | Section 3.2 of | | 416 | Requested range not | Section 3.2 of |
| | satisfiable | [Part5] | | | satisfiable | [Part5] |
| 417 | Expectation Failed | Section 7.4.18 | | 417 | Expectation Failed | Section 7.4.14 |
| 426 | Upgrade Required | Section 7.4.19 | | 426 | Upgrade Required | Section 7.4.15 |
| 500 | Internal Server Error | Section 7.5.1 | | 500 | Internal Server Error | Section 7.5.1 |
| 501 | Not Implemented | Section 7.5.2 | | 501 | Not Implemented | Section 7.5.2 |
| 502 | Bad Gateway | Section 7.5.3 | | 502 | Bad Gateway | Section 7.5.3 |
| 503 | Service Unavailable | Section 7.5.4 | | 503 | Service Unavailable | Section 7.5.4 |
| 504 | Gateway Time-out | Section 7.5.5 | | 504 | Gateway Time-out | Section 7.5.5 |
| 505 | HTTP Version not supported | Section 7.5.6 | | 505 | HTTP Version not supported | Section 7.5.6 |
+-------------+------------------------------+----------------------+ +-------------+------------------------------+----------------------+
Note that this list is not exhaustive -- it does not include Note that this list is not exhaustive -- it does not include
extension status codes defined in other specifications. extension status codes defined in other specifications.
skipping to change at page 18, line 33 skipping to change at page 18, line 33
specification does not define any use for such a body, future specification does not define any use for such a body, future
extensions to HTTP might use the OPTIONS body to make more detailed extensions to HTTP might use the OPTIONS body to make more detailed
queries on the server. queries on the server.
If the request-target is an asterisk ("*"), the OPTIONS request is If the request-target is an asterisk ("*"), the OPTIONS request is
intended to apply to the server in general rather than to a specific intended to apply to the server in general rather than to a specific
resource. Since a server's communication options typically depend on resource. Since a server's communication options typically depend on
the resource, the "*" request is only useful as a "ping" or "no-op" the resource, the "*" request is only useful as a "ping" or "no-op"
type of method; it does nothing beyond allowing the client to test type of method; it does nothing beyond allowing the client to test
the capabilities of the server. For example, this can be used to the capabilities of the server. For example, this can be used to
test a proxy for HTTP/1.1 compliance (or lack thereof). test a proxy for HTTP/1.1 conformance (or lack thereof).
If the request-target is not an asterisk, the OPTIONS request applies If the request-target is not an asterisk, the OPTIONS request applies
only to the options that are available when communicating with that only to the options that are available when communicating with that
resource. resource.
A 200 response SHOULD include any header fields that indicate A 200 response SHOULD include any header fields that indicate
optional features implemented by the server and applicable to that optional features implemented by the server and applicable to that
resource (e.g., Allow), possibly including extensions not defined by resource (e.g., Allow), possibly including extensions not defined by
this specification. The response body, if any, SHOULD also include this specification. The response body, if any, SHOULD also include
information about the communication options. The format for such a information about the communication options. The format for such a
skipping to change at page 26, line 11 skipping to change at page 26, line 11
o 4xx: Client Error - The request contains bad syntax or cannot be o 4xx: Client Error - The request contains bad syntax or cannot be
fulfilled fulfilled
o 5xx: Server Error - The server failed to fulfill an apparently o 5xx: Server Error - The server failed to fulfill an apparently
valid request valid request
Each Status-Code is described below, including any metadata required Each Status-Code is described below, including any metadata required
in the response. in the response.
For most status codes the response can carry a payload, in which case
a Content-Type header field indicates the payload's media type
(Section 6.8 of [Part3]).
7.1. Informational 1xx 7.1. Informational 1xx
This class of status code indicates a provisional response, This class of status code indicates a provisional response,
consisting only of the Status-Line and optional header fields, and is consisting only of the Status-Line and optional header fields, and is
terminated by an empty line. There are no required header fields for terminated by an empty line. There are no required header fields for
this class of status code. Since HTTP/1.0 did not define any 1xx this class of status code. Since HTTP/1.0 did not define any 1xx
status codes, servers MUST NOT send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0 status codes, servers MUST NOT send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0
client except under experimental conditions. client except under experimental conditions.
A client MUST be prepared to accept one or more 1xx status responses A client MUST be prepared to accept one or more 1xx status responses
skipping to change at page 27, line 39 skipping to change at page 27, line 43
Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to
determine freshness for 200 responses. determine freshness for 200 responses.
7.2.2. 201 Created 7.2.2. 201 Created
The request has been fulfilled and has resulted in a new resource The request has been fulfilled and has resulted in a new resource
being created. The newly created resource can be referenced by the being created. The newly created resource can be referenced by the
URI(s) returned in the payload of the response, with the most URI(s) returned in the payload of the response, with the most
specific URI for the resource given by a Location header field. The specific URI for the resource given by a Location header field. The
response SHOULD include a payload containing a list of resource response can include a payload containing a list of resource
characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can
choose the one most appropriate. The payload format is specified by choose the one most appropriate.
the media type given in the Content-Type header field. The origin
server MUST create the resource before returning the 201 status code. The origin server MUST create the resource before returning the 201
If the action cannot be carried out immediately, the server SHOULD status code. If the action cannot be carried out immediately, the
respond with 202 (Accepted) response instead. server SHOULD respond with 202 (Accepted) response instead.
A 201 response MAY contain an ETag response header field indicating A 201 response MAY contain an ETag response header field indicating
the current value of the entity-tag for the representation of the the current value of the entity-tag for the representation of the
resource just created (see Section 2.3 of [Part4]). resource just created (see Section 2.3 of [Part4]).
7.2.3. 202 Accepted 7.2.3. 202 Accepted
The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has
not been completed. The request might or might not eventually be not been completed. The request might or might not eventually be
acted upon, as it might be disallowed when processing actually takes acted upon, as it might be disallowed when processing actually takes
skipping to change at page 28, line 25 skipping to change at page 28, line 27
batch-oriented process that is only run once per day) without batch-oriented process that is only run once per day) without
requiring that the user agent's connection to the server persist requiring that the user agent's connection to the server persist
until the process is completed. The representation returned with until the process is completed. The representation returned with
this response SHOULD include an indication of the request's current this response SHOULD include an indication of the request's current
status and either a pointer to a status monitor or some estimate of status and either a pointer to a status monitor or some estimate of
when the user can expect the request to be fulfilled. when the user can expect the request to be fulfilled.
7.2.4. 203 Non-Authoritative Information 7.2.4. 203 Non-Authoritative Information
The representation in the response has been transformed or otherwise The representation in the response has been transformed or otherwise
modified by a transforming proxy (Section 2.4 of [Part1]). Note that modified by a transforming proxy (Section 2.3 of [Part1]). Note that
the behaviour of transforming intermediaries is controlled by the no- the behavior of transforming intermediaries is controlled by the no-
transform Cache-Control directive (Section 3.2 of [Part6]). transform Cache-Control directive (Section 3.2 of [Part6]).
This status code is only appropriate when the response status code This status code is only appropriate when the response status code
would have been 200 (OK) otherwise. When the status code before would have been 200 (OK) otherwise. When the status code before
transformation would have been different, the 214 Transformation transformation would have been different, the 214 Transformation
Applied warn-code (Section 3.6 of [Part6]) is appropriate. Applied warn-code (Section 3.6 of [Part6]) is appropriate.
Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to
determine freshness for 203 responses. determine freshness for 203 responses.
skipping to change at page 29, line 30 skipping to change at page 29, line 34
The server has fulfilled the request and the user agent SHOULD reset The server has fulfilled the request and the user agent SHOULD reset
the document view which caused the request to be sent. This response the document view which caused the request to be sent. This response
is primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place via is primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place via
user input, followed by a clearing of the form in which the input is user input, followed by a clearing of the form in which the input is
given so that the user can easily initiate another input action. given so that the user can easily initiate another input action.
The message-body included with the response MUST be empty. Note that The message-body included with the response MUST be empty. Note that
receivers still need to parse the response according to the algorithm receivers still need to parse the response according to the algorithm
defined in Section 3.3 of [Part1]. defined in Section 3.3 of [Part1].
7.2.7. 206 Partial Content
The server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource and
the enclosed payload is a partial representation as defined in
Section 3.1 of [Part5].
Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to
determine freshness for 206 responses.
7.3. Redirection 3xx 7.3. Redirection 3xx
This class of status code indicates that further action needs to be This class of status code indicates that further action needs to be
taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request. If the taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request. If the
required action involves a subsequent HTTP request, it MAY be carried required action involves a subsequent HTTP request, it MAY be carried
out by the user agent without interaction with the user if and only out by the user agent without interaction with the user if and only
if the method used in the second request is known to be "safe", as if the method used in the second request is known to be "safe", as
defined in Section 6.1.1. defined in Section 6.1.1.
There are several types of redirects: There are several types of redirects:
skipping to change at page 30, line 18 skipping to change at page 30, line 12
2. Redirection to a new location that represents an indirect 2. Redirection to a new location that represents an indirect
response to the request, such as the result of a POST operation response to the request, such as the result of a POST operation
to be retrieved with a subsequent GET request. This is status to be retrieved with a subsequent GET request. This is status
code 303 (See Other). code 303 (See Other).
3. Redirection offering a choice of matching resources for use by 3. Redirection offering a choice of matching resources for use by
agent-driven content negotiation (Section 5.2 of [Part3]). This agent-driven content negotiation (Section 5.2 of [Part3]). This
is status code 300 (Multiple Choices). is status code 300 (Multiple Choices).
4. Other kinds of redirection, such as to a cached result (status 4. Other kinds of redirection, such as to a cached result (status
code 304 (Not Modified)). code 304 (Not Modified), see Section 4.1 of [Part4]).
Note: In HTTP/1.0, only the status codes 301 (Moved Permanently) Note: In HTTP/1.0, only the status codes 301 (Moved Permanently)
and 302 (Found) were defined for the first type of redirect, and and 302 (Found) were defined for the first type of redirect, and
the second type did not exist at all ([RFC1945], Section 9.3). the second type did not exist at all ([RFC1945], Section 9.3).
However it turned out that web forms using POST expected redirects However it turned out that web forms using POST expected redirects
to change the operation for the subsequent request to retrieval to change the operation for the subsequent request to retrieval
(GET). To address this use case, HTTP/1.1 introduced the second (GET). To address this use case, HTTP/1.1 introduced the second
type of redirect with the status code 303 (See Other) ([RFC2068], type of redirect with the status code 303 (See Other) ([RFC2068],
Section 10.3.4). As user agents did not change their behavior to Section 10.3.4). As user agents did not change their behavior to
maintain backwards compatibility, the first revision of HTTP/1.1 maintain backwards compatibility, the first revision of HTTP/1.1
added yet another status code, 307 (Temporary Redirect), for which added yet another status code, 307 (Temporary Redirect), for which
the backwards compatibility problems did not apply ([RFC2616], the backwards compatibility problems did not apply ([RFC2616],
Section 10.3.8). Over 10 years later, most user agents still do Section 10.3.8). Over 10 years later, most user agents still do
method rewriting for status codes 301 and 302, therefore this method rewriting for status codes 301 and 302, therefore this
specification makes that behavior compliant in case the original specification makes that behavior conformant in case the original
request was POST. request was POST.
A Location header field on a 3xx response indicates that a client MAY A Location header field on a 3xx response indicates that a client MAY
automatically redirect to the URI provided; see Section 9.5. automatically redirect to the URI provided; see Section 9.5.
Clients SHOULD detect and intervene in cyclical redirections (i.e., Clients SHOULD detect and intervene in cyclical redirections (i.e.,
"infinite" redirection loops). "infinite" redirection loops).
Note: An earlier version of this specification recommended a Note: An earlier version of this specification recommended a
maximum of five redirections ([RFC2068], Section 10.3). Content maximum of five redirections ([RFC2068], Section 10.3). Content
skipping to change at page 31, line 10 skipping to change at page 31, line 4
The target resource has more than one representation, each with its The target resource has more than one representation, each with its
own specific location, and agent-driven negotiation information own specific location, and agent-driven negotiation information
(Section 5 of [Part3]) is being provided so that the user (or user (Section 5 of [Part3]) is being provided so that the user (or user
agent) can select a preferred representation by redirecting its agent) can select a preferred representation by redirecting its
request to that location. request to that location.
Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include a Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include a
representation containing a list of representation metadata and representation containing a list of representation metadata and
location(s) from which the user or user agent can choose the one most location(s) from which the user or user agent can choose the one most
appropriate. The data format is specified by the media type given in appropriate. Depending upon the format and the capabilities of the
the Content-Type header field. Depending upon the format and the user agent, selection of the most appropriate choice MAY be performed
capabilities of the user agent, selection of the most appropriate automatically. However, this specification does not define any
choice MAY be performed automatically. However, this specification standard for such automatic selection.
does not define any standard for such automatic selection.
If the server has a preferred choice of representation, it SHOULD If the server has a preferred choice of representation, it SHOULD
include the specific URI for that representation in the Location include the specific URI for that representation in the Location
field; user agents MAY use the Location field value for automatic field; user agents MAY use the Location field value for automatic
redirection. redirection.
Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to
determine freshness for 300 responses. determine freshness for 300 responses.
7.3.2. 301 Moved Permanently 7.3.2. 301 Moved Permanently
skipping to change at page 31, line 36 skipping to change at page 31, line 29
The target resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any The target resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any
future references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned future references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned
URIs. Clients with link editing capabilities ought to automatically URIs. Clients with link editing capabilities ought to automatically
re-link references to the effective request URI to one or more of the re-link references to the effective request URI to one or more of the
new references returned by the server, where possible. new references returned by the server, where possible.
Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to
determine freshness for 301 responses. determine freshness for 301 responses.
The new permanent URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the The new permanent URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the
response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the representation of response. A response payload can contain a short hypertext note with
the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink a hyperlink to the new URI(s).
to the new URI(s).
If the 301 status code is received in response to a request method If the 301 status code is received in response to a request method
that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 6.1.1, then the that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 6.1.1, then the
request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without
confirmation. Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically confirmation. Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically
redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since
this might change the conditions under which the request was issued. this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.
Note: For historic reasons, user agents MAY change the request Note: For historic reasons, user agents MAY change the request
method from POST to GET for the subsequent request. If this method from POST to GET for the subsequent request. If this
behavior is undesired, status code 307 (Temporary Redirect) can be behavior is undesired, status code 307 (Temporary Redirect) can be
used instead. used instead.
7.3.3. 302 Found 7.3.3. 302 Found
The target resource resides temporarily under a different URI. Since The target resource resides temporarily under a different URI. Since
the redirection might be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD the redirection might be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD
continue to use the effective request URI for future requests. continue to use the effective request URI for future requests.
The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the
response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the representation of response. A response payload can contain a short hypertext note with
the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink a hyperlink to the new URI(s).
to the new URI(s).
If the 302 status code is received in response to a request method If the 302 status code is received in response to a request method
that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 6.1.1, then the that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 6.1.1, then the
request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without
confirmation. Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically confirmation. Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically
redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since
this might change the conditions under which the request was issued. this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.
Note: For historic reasons, user agents MAY change the request Note: For historic reasons, user agents MAY change the request
method from POST to GET for the subsequent request. If this method from POST to GET for the subsequent request. If this
behavior is undesired, status code 307 (Temporary Redirect) can be behavior is undesired, status code 307 (Temporary Redirect) can be
used instead. [[issue312: but see used instead.
<http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/312>]]
7.3.4. 303 See Other 7.3.4. 303 See Other
The 303 status code indicates that the server is redirecting the user The 303 status code indicates that the server is redirecting the user
agent to a different resource, as indicated by a URI in the Location agent to a different resource, as indicated by a URI in the Location
header field, that is intended to provide an indirect response to the header field, that is intended to provide an indirect response to the
original request. In order to satisfy the original request, a user original request. In order to satisfy the original request, a user
agent SHOULD perform a retrieval request using the Location URI (a agent SHOULD perform a retrieval request using the Location URI (a
GET or HEAD request if using HTTP), which may itself be redirected GET or HEAD request if using HTTP), which may itself be redirected
further, and present the eventual result as an answer to the original further, and present the eventual result as an answer to the original
skipping to change at page 33, line 13 skipping to change at page 33, line 5
representation might be useful to recipients without implying that it representation might be useful to recipients without implying that it
adequately represents the target resource. Note that answers to the adequately represents the target resource. Note that answers to the
questions of what can be represented, what representations are questions of what can be represented, what representations are
adequate, and what might be a useful description are outside the adequate, and what might be a useful description are outside the
scope of HTTP and thus entirely determined by the URI owner(s). scope of HTTP and thus entirely determined by the URI owner(s).
Except for responses to a HEAD request, the representation of a 303 Except for responses to a HEAD request, the representation of a 303
response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to
the Location URI. the Location URI.
7.3.5. 304 Not Modified 7.3.5. 305 Use Proxy
The response to the request has not been modified since the
conditions indicated by the client's conditional GET request, as
defined in Section 4.1 of [Part4].
7.3.6. 305 Use Proxy
The 305 status code was defined in a previous version of this The 305 status code was defined in a previous version of this
specification (see Appendix A), and is now deprecated. specification (see Appendix A), and is now deprecated.
7.3.7. 306 (Unused) 7.3.6. 306 (Unused)
The 306 status code was used in a previous version of the The 306 status code was used in a previous version of the
specification, is no longer used, and the code is reserved. specification, is no longer used, and the code is reserved.
7.3.8. 307 Temporary Redirect 7.3.7. 307 Temporary Redirect
The target resource resides temporarily under a different URI. Since The target resource resides temporarily under a different URI. Since
the redirection can change over time, the client SHOULD continue to the redirection can change over time, the client SHOULD continue to
use the effective request URI for future requests. use the effective request URI for future requests.
The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the
response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the representation of response. A response payload can contain a short hypertext note with
the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink a hyperlink to the new URI(s).
to the new URI(s), since many pre-HTTP/1.1 user agents do not
understand the 307 status code. Therefore, the note SHOULD contain
the information necessary for a user to repeat the original request
on the new URI.
If the 307 status code is received in response to a request method If the 307 status code is received in response to a request method
that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 6.1.1, then the that is known to be "safe", as defined in Section 6.1.1, then the
request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without request MAY be automatically redirected by the user agent without
confirmation. Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically confirmation. Otherwise, the user agent MUST NOT automatically
redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since
this might change the conditions under which the request was issued. this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.
Note: This status code is similar to 302 Found, except that it Note: This status code is similar to 302 Found, except that it
does not allow rewriting the request method from POST to GET. does not allow rewriting the request method from POST to GET.
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after the close, the server's TCP stack will send a reset packet to after the close, the server's TCP stack will send a reset packet to
the client, which might erase the client's unacknowledged input the client, which might erase the client's unacknowledged input
buffers before they can be read and interpreted by the HTTP buffers before they can be read and interpreted by the HTTP
application. application.
7.4.1. 400 Bad Request 7.4.1. 400 Bad Request
The server cannot or will not process the request, due to a client The server cannot or will not process the request, due to a client
error (e.g., malformed syntax). error (e.g., malformed syntax).
7.4.2. 401 Unauthorized 7.4.2. 402 Payment Required
The request requires user authentication (see Section 3.1 of
[Part7]).
7.4.3. 402 Payment Required
This code is reserved for future use. This code is reserved for future use.
7.4.4. 403 Forbidden 7.4.3. 403 Forbidden
The server understood the request, but refuses to authorize it. The server understood the request, but refuses to authorize it.
Providing different user authentication credentials might be Providing different user authentication credentials might be
successful, but any credentials that were provided in the request are successful, but any credentials that were provided in the request are
insufficient. The request SHOULD NOT be repeated with the same insufficient. The request SHOULD NOT be repeated with the same
credentials. credentials.
If the request method was not HEAD and the server wishes to make If the request method was not HEAD and the server wishes to make
public why the request has not been fulfilled, it SHOULD describe the public why the request has not been fulfilled, it SHOULD describe the
reason for the refusal in the representation. If the server does not reason for the refusal in the representation. If the server does not
wish to make this information available to the client, the status wish to make this information available to the client, the status
code 404 (Not Found) MAY be used instead. code 404 (Not Found) MAY be used instead.
7.4.5. 404 Not Found 7.4.4. 404 Not Found
The server has not found anything matching the effective request URI. The server has not found anything matching the effective request URI.
No indication is given of whether the condition is temporary or No indication is given of whether the condition is temporary or
permanent. The 410 (Gone) status code SHOULD be used if the server permanent. The 410 (Gone) status code SHOULD be used if the server
knows, through some internally configurable mechanism, that an old knows, through some internally configurable mechanism, that an old
resource is permanently unavailable and has no forwarding address. resource is permanently unavailable and has no forwarding address.
This status code is commonly used when the server does not wish to This status code is commonly used when the server does not wish to
reveal exactly why the request has been refused, or when no other reveal exactly why the request has been refused, or when no other
response is applicable. response is applicable.
7.4.6. 405 Method Not Allowed 7.4.5. 405 Method Not Allowed
The method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the The method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the
target resource. The response MUST include an Allow header field target resource. The response MUST include an Allow header field
containing a list of valid methods for the requested resource. containing a list of valid methods for the requested resource.
7.4.7. 406 Not Acceptable 7.4.6. 406 Not Acceptable
The resource identified by the request is only capable of generating The resource identified by the request is only capable of generating
response representations which have content characteristics not response representations which have content characteristics not
acceptable according to the Accept and Accept-* header fields sent in acceptable according to the Accept and Accept-* header fields sent in
the request (see Section 6 of [Part3]). the request (see Section 6 of [Part3]).
Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include a Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include a
representation containing a list of available representation representation containing a list of available representation
characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can
choose the one most appropriate. The data format is specified by the choose the one most appropriate. Depending upon the format and the
media type given in the Content-Type header field. Depending upon capabilities of the user agent, selection of the most appropriate
the format and the capabilities of the user agent, selection of the choice MAY be performed automatically. However, this specification
most appropriate choice MAY be performed automatically. However, does not define any standard for such automatic selection.
this specification does not define any standard for such automatic
selection.
Note: HTTP/1.1 servers are allowed to return responses which are Note: HTTP/1.1 servers are allowed to return responses which are
not acceptable according to the accept header fields sent in the not acceptable according to the accept header fields sent in the
request. In some cases, this might even be preferable to sending request. In some cases, this might even be preferable to sending
a 406 response. User agents are encouraged to inspect the header a 406 response. User agents are encouraged to inspect the header
fields of an incoming response to determine if it is acceptable. fields of an incoming response to determine if it is acceptable.
If the response could be unacceptable, a user agent SHOULD If the response could be unacceptable, a user agent SHOULD
temporarily stop receipt of more data and query the user for a temporarily stop receipt of more data and query the user for a
decision on further actions. decision on further actions.
7.4.8. 407 Proxy Authentication Required 7.4.7. 408 Request Timeout
This code is similar to 401 (Unauthorized), but indicates that the
client must first authenticate itself with the proxy (see Section 3.2
of [Part7]).
7.4.9. 408 Request Timeout
The client did not produce a request within the time that the server The client did not produce a request within the time that the server
was prepared to wait. The client MAY repeat the request without was prepared to wait. The client MAY repeat the request without
modifications at any later time. modifications at any later time.
7.4.10. 409 Conflict 7.4.8. 409 Conflict
The request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current The request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current
state of the resource. This code is only allowed in situations where state of the resource. This code is only allowed in situations where
it is expected that the user might be able to resolve the conflict it is expected that the user might be able to resolve the conflict
and resubmit the request. The response body SHOULD include enough and resubmit the request. The response body SHOULD include enough
information for the user to recognize the source of the conflict. information for the user to recognize the source of the conflict.
Ideally, the response representation would include enough information Ideally, the response representation would include enough information
for the user or user agent to fix the problem; however, that might for the user or user agent to fix the problem; however, that might
not be possible and is not required. not be possible and is not required.
Conflicts are most likely to occur in response to a PUT request. For Conflicts are most likely to occur in response to a PUT request. For
example, if versioning were being used and the representation being example, if versioning were being used and the representation being
PUT included changes to a resource which conflict with those made by PUT included changes to a resource which conflict with those made by
an earlier (third-party) request, the server might use the 409 an earlier (third-party) request, the server might use the 409
response to indicate that it can't complete the request. In this response to indicate that it can't complete the request. In this
case, the response representation would likely contain a list of the case, the response representation would likely contain a list of the
differences between the two versions in a format defined by the differences between the two versions.
response Content-Type.
7.4.11. 410 Gone 7.4.9. 410 Gone
The target resource is no longer available at the server and no The target resource is no longer available at the server and no
forwarding address is known. This condition is expected to be forwarding address is known. This condition is expected to be
considered permanent. Clients with link editing capabilities SHOULD considered permanent. Clients with link editing capabilities SHOULD
delete references to the effective request URI after user approval. delete references to the effective request URI after user approval.
If the server does not know, or has no facility to determine, whether If the server does not know, or has no facility to determine, whether
or not the condition is permanent, the status code 404 (Not Found) or not the condition is permanent, the status code 404 (Not Found)
SHOULD be used instead. SHOULD be used instead.
The 410 response is primarily intended to assist the task of web The 410 response is primarily intended to assist the task of web
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remote links to that resource be removed. Such an event is common remote links to that resource be removed. Such an event is common
for limited-time, promotional services and for resources belonging to for limited-time, promotional services and for resources belonging to
individuals no longer working at the server's site. It is not individuals no longer working at the server's site. It is not
necessary to mark all permanently unavailable resources as "gone" or necessary to mark all permanently unavailable resources as "gone" or
to keep the mark for any length of time -- that is left to the to keep the mark for any length of time -- that is left to the
discretion of the server owner. discretion of the server owner.
Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to Caches MAY use a heuristic (see Section 2.3.1.1 of [Part6]) to
determine freshness for 410 responses. determine freshness for 410 responses.
7.4.12. 411 Length Required 7.4.10. 411 Length Required
The server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content- The server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content-
Length. The client MAY repeat the request if it adds a valid Length. The client MAY repeat the request if it adds a valid
Content-Length header field containing the length of the message-body Content-Length header field containing the length of the message-body
in the request message. in the request message.
7.4.13. 412 Precondition Failed 7.4.11. 413 Request Representation Too Large
The precondition given in one or more of the header fields evaluated
to false when it was tested on the server, as defined in Section 4.2
of [Part4].
7.4.14. 413 Request Representation Too Large
The server is refusing to process a request because the request The server is refusing to process a request because the request
representation is larger than the server is willing or able to representation is larger than the server is willing or able to
process. The server MAY close the connection to prevent the client process. The server MAY close the connection to prevent the client
from continuing the request. from continuing the request.
If the condition is temporary, the server SHOULD include a Retry- If the condition is temporary, the server SHOULD include a Retry-
After header field to indicate that it is temporary and after what After header field to indicate that it is temporary and after what
time the client MAY try again. time the client MAY try again.
7.4.15. 414 URI Too Long 7.4.12. 414 URI Too Long
The server is refusing to service the request because the effective The server is refusing to service the request because the effective
request URI is longer than the server is willing to interpret. This request URI is longer than the server is willing to interpret. This
rare condition is only likely to occur when a client has improperly rare condition is only likely to occur when a client has improperly
converted a POST request to a GET request with long query converted a POST request to a GET request with long query
information, when the client has descended into a URI "black hole" of information, when the client has descended into a URI "black hole" of
redirection (e.g., a redirected URI prefix that points to a suffix of redirection (e.g., a redirected URI prefix that points to a suffix of
itself), or when the server is under attack by a client attempting to itself), or when the server is under attack by a client attempting to
exploit security holes present in some servers using fixed-length exploit security holes present in some servers using fixed-length
buffers for reading or manipulating the effective request URI. buffers for reading or manipulating the effective request URI.
7.4.16. 415 Unsupported Media Type 7.4.13. 415 Unsupported Media Type
The server is refusing to service the request because the request The server is refusing to service the request because the request
payload is in a format not supported by this request method on the payload is in a format not supported by this request method on the
target resource. target resource.
7.4.17. 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable 7.4.14. 417 Expectation Failed
The request included a Range header field (Section 5.4 of [Part5])
and none of the range-specifier values in this field overlap the
current extent of the selected resource. See Section 3.2 of [Part5].
7.4.18. 417 Expectation Failed
The expectation given in an Expect header field (see Section 9.3) The expectation given in an Expect header field (see Section 9.3)
could not be met by this server, or, if the server is a proxy, the could not be met by this server, or, if the server is a proxy, the
server has unambiguous evidence that the request could not be met by server has unambiguous evidence that the request could not be met by
the next-hop server. the next-hop server.
7.4.19. 426 Upgrade Required 7.4.15. 426 Upgrade Required
The request can not be completed without a prior protocol upgrade. The request can not be completed without a prior protocol upgrade.
This response MUST include an Upgrade header field (Section 8.7 of This response MUST include an Upgrade header field (Section 8.7 of
[Part1]) specifying the required protocols. [Part1]) specifying the required protocols.
Example: Example:
HTTP/1.1 426 Upgrade Required HTTP/1.1 426 Upgrade Required
Upgrade: HTTP/2.0 Upgrade: HTTP/3.0
Connection: Upgrade Connection: Upgrade
Content-Length: 53
Content-Type: text/plain
This service requires use of the HTTP/3.0 protocol.
The server SHOULD include a message body in the 426 response which The server SHOULD include a message body in the 426 response which
indicates in human readable form the reason for the error and indicates in human readable form the reason for the error and
describes any alternative courses which may be available to the user. describes any alternative courses which may be available to the user.
7.5. Server Error 5xx 7.5. Server Error 5xx
Response status codes beginning with the digit "5" indicate cases in Response status codes beginning with the digit "5" indicate cases in
which the server is aware that it has erred or is incapable of which the server is aware that it has erred or is incapable of
performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request,
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3. If the server does not have a clock that can provide a reasonable 3. If the server does not have a clock that can provide a reasonable
approximation of the current time, its responses MUST NOT include approximation of the current time, its responses MUST NOT include
a Date header field. a Date header field.
A received message that does not have a Date header field MUST be A received message that does not have a Date header field MUST be
assigned one by the recipient if the message will be cached by that assigned one by the recipient if the message will be cached by that
recipient. recipient.
Clients can use the Date header field as well; in order to keep Clients can use the Date header field as well; in order to keep
request messages small, they are advised not to include it when it request messages small, they are advised not to include it when it
doesn't convey any useful information (as it is usually the case for doesn't convey any useful information (as is usually the case for
requests that do not contain a payload). requests that do not contain a payload).
The HTTP-date sent in a Date header field SHOULD NOT represent a date The HTTP-date sent in a Date header field SHOULD NOT represent a date
and time subsequent to the generation of the message. It SHOULD and time subsequent to the generation of the message. It SHOULD
represent the best available approximation of the date and time of represent the best available approximation of the date and time of
message generation, unless the implementation has no means of message generation, unless the implementation has no means of
generating a reasonably accurate date and time. In theory, the date generating a reasonably accurate date and time. In theory, the date
ought to represent the moment just before the payload is generated. ought to represent the moment just before the payload is generated.
In practice, the date can be generated at any time during the message In practice, the date can be generated at any time during the message
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most specific resource corresponding to the enclosed most specific resource corresponding to the enclosed
representation. It is therefore possible for a response to representation. It is therefore possible for a response to
contain header fields for both Location and Content-Location. contain header fields for both Location and Content-Location.
9.6. Max-Forwards 9.6. Max-Forwards
The "Max-Forwards" header field provides a mechanism with the TRACE The "Max-Forwards" header field provides a mechanism with the TRACE
(Section 6.8) and OPTIONS (Section 6.2) methods to limit the number (Section 6.8) and OPTIONS (Section 6.2) methods to limit the number
of times that the request is forwarded by proxies. This can be of times that the request is forwarded by proxies. This can be
useful when the client is attempting to trace a request which appears useful when the client is attempting to trace a request which appears
to be failing or looping in mid-chain. to be failing or looping mid-chain.
Max-Forwards = 1*DIGIT Max-Forwards = 1*DIGIT
The Max-Forwards value is a decimal integer indicating the remaining The Max-Forwards value is a decimal integer indicating the remaining
number of times this request message can be forwarded. number of times this request message can be forwarded.
Each recipient of a TRACE or OPTIONS request containing a Max- Each recipient of a TRACE or OPTIONS request containing a Max-
Forwards header field MUST check and update its value prior to Forwards header field MUST check and update its value prior to
forwarding the request. If the received value is zero (0), the forwarding the request. If the received value is zero (0), the
recipient MUST NOT forward the request; instead, it MUST respond as recipient MUST NOT forward the request; instead, it MUST respond as
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If the field value is a relative URI, it SHOULD be interpreted If the field value is a relative URI, it SHOULD be interpreted
relative to the effective request URI. The URI MUST NOT include a relative to the effective request URI. The URI MUST NOT include a
fragment. See Section 11.2 for security considerations. fragment. See Section 11.2 for security considerations.
9.8. Retry-After 9.8. Retry-After
The header "Retry-After" field can be used with a 503 (Service The header "Retry-After" field can be used with a 503 (Service
Unavailable) response to indicate how long the service is expected to Unavailable) response to indicate how long the service is expected to
be unavailable to the requesting client. This field MAY also be used be unavailable to the requesting client. This field MAY also be used
with any 3xx (Redirection) response to indicate the minimum time the with any 3xx (Redirection) response to indicate the minimum time the
user-agent is asked wait before issuing the redirected request. user-agent is asked to wait before issuing the redirected request.
The value of this field can be either an HTTP-date or an integer The value of this field can be either an HTTP-date or an integer
number of seconds (in decimal) after the time of the response. number of seconds (in decimal) after the time of the response.
Retry-After = HTTP-date / delta-seconds Retry-After = HTTP-date / delta-seconds
Time spans are non-negative decimal integers, representing time in Time spans are non-negative decimal integers, representing time in
seconds. seconds.
delta-seconds = 1*DIGIT delta-seconds = 1*DIGIT
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| 200 | OK | Section 7.2.1 | | 200 | OK | Section 7.2.1 |
| 201 | Created | Section 7.2.2 | | 201 | Created | Section 7.2.2 |
| 202 | Accepted | Section 7.2.3 | | 202 | Accepted | Section 7.2.3 |
| 203 | Non-Authoritative Information | Section 7.2.4 | | 203 | Non-Authoritative Information | Section 7.2.4 |
| 204 | No Content | Section 7.2.5 | | 204 | No Content | Section 7.2.5 |
| 205 | Reset Content | Section 7.2.6 | | 205 | Reset Content | Section 7.2.6 |
| 300 | Multiple Choices | Section 7.3.1 | | 300 | Multiple Choices | Section 7.3.1 |
| 301 | Moved Permanently | Section 7.3.2 | | 301 | Moved Permanently | Section 7.3.2 |
| 302 | Found | Section 7.3.3 | | 302 | Found | Section 7.3.3 |
| 303 | See Other | Section 7.3.4 | | 303 | See Other | Section 7.3.4 |
| 305 | Use Proxy | Section 7.3.6 | | 305 | Use Proxy | Section 7.3.5 |
| 306 | (Unused) | Section 7.3.7 | | 306 | (Unused) | Section 7.3.6 |
| 307 | Temporary Redirect | Section 7.3.8 | | 307 | Temporary Redirect | Section 7.3.7 |
| 400 | Bad Request | Section 7.4.1 | | 400 | Bad Request | Section 7.4.1 |
| 402 | Payment Required | Section 7.4.3 | | 402 | Payment Required | Section 7.4.2 |
| 403 | Forbidden | Section 7.4.4 | | 403 | Forbidden | Section 7.4.3 |
| 404 | Not Found | Section 7.4.5 | | 404 | Not Found | Section 7.4.4 |
| 405 | Method Not Allowed | Section 7.4.6 | | 405 | Method Not Allowed | Section 7.4.5 |
| 406 | Not Acceptable | Section 7.4.7 | | 406 | Not Acceptable | Section 7.4.6 |
| 407 | Proxy Authentication Required | Section 7.4.8 | | 408 | Request Timeout | Section 7.4.7 |
| 408 | Request Timeout | Section 7.4.9 | | 409 | Conflict | Section 7.4.8 |
| 409 | Conflict | Section 7.4.10 | | 410 | Gone | Section 7.4.9 |
| 410 | Gone | Section 7.4.11 | | 411 | Length Required | Section 7.4.10 |
| 411 | Length Required | Section 7.4.12 | | 413 | Request Representation Too Large | Section 7.4.11 |
| 413 | Request Representation Too Large | Section 7.4.14 | | 414 | URI Too Long | Section 7.4.12 |
| 414 | URI Too Long | Section 7.4.15 | | 415 | Unsupported Media Type | Section 7.4.13 |
| 415 | Unsupported Media Type | Section 7.4.16 | | 417 | Expectation Failed | Section 7.4.14 |
| 417 | Expectation Failed | Section 7.4.18 | | 426 | Upgrade Required | Section 7.4.15 |
| 426 | Upgrade Required | Section 7.4.19 |
| 500 | Internal Server Error | Section 7.5.1 | | 500 | Internal Server Error | Section 7.5.1 |
| 501 | Not Implemented | Section 7.5.2 | | 501 | Not Implemented | Section 7.5.2 |
| 502 | Bad Gateway | Section 7.5.3 | | 502 | Bad Gateway | Section 7.5.3 |
| 503 | Service Unavailable | Section 7.5.4 | | 503 | Service Unavailable | Section 7.5.4 |
| 504 | Gateway Timeout | Section 7.5.5 | | 504 | Gateway Timeout | Section 7.5.5 |
| 505 | HTTP Version Not Supported | Section 7.5.6 | | 505 | HTTP Version Not Supported | Section 7.5.6 |
+-------+----------------------------------+----------------+ +-------+----------------------------------+----------------+
10.3. Header Field Registration 10.3. Header Field Registration
skipping to change at page 53, line 23 skipping to change at page 52, line 23
enable, and modify the contents of the field. The user MUST be able enable, and modify the contents of the field. The user MUST be able
to set the contents of this field within a user preference or to set the contents of this field within a user preference or
application defaults configuration. application defaults configuration.
We suggest, though do not require, that a convenient toggle interface We suggest, though do not require, that a convenient toggle interface
be provided for the user to enable or disable the sending of From and be provided for the user to enable or disable the sending of From and
Referer information. Referer information.
The User-Agent (Section 9.10) or Server (Section 9.9) header fields The User-Agent (Section 9.10) or Server (Section 9.9) header fields
can sometimes be used to determine that a specific client or server can sometimes be used to determine that a specific client or server
have a particular security hole which might be exploited. has a particular security hole which might be exploited.
Unfortunately, this same information is often used for other valuable Unfortunately, this same information is often used for other valuable
purposes for which HTTP currently has no better mechanism. purposes for which HTTP currently has no better mechanism.
Furthermore, the User-Agent header field may contain enough entropy Furthermore, the User-Agent header field may contain enough entropy
to be used, possibly in conjunction with other material, to uniquely to be used, possibly in conjunction with other material, to uniquely
identify the user. identify the user.
Some request methods, like TRACE (Section 6.8), expose information Some request methods, like TRACE (Section 6.8), expose information
that was sent in request header fields within the body of their that was sent in request header fields within the body of their
response. Clients SHOULD be careful with sensitive information, like response. Clients SHOULD be careful with sensitive information, like
skipping to change at page 54, line 37 skipping to change at page 53, line 37
See Section 11 of [Part1]. See Section 11 of [Part1].
13. References 13. References
13.1. Normative References 13.1. Normative References
[Part1] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., [Part1] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 1: URIs, Connections, and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 1: URIs, Connections,
and Message Parsing", draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-18 and Message Parsing",
(work in progress), January 2012. draft-ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging-latest (work in progress),
February 2012.
[Part3] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., [Part3] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 3: Message Payload and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 3: Message Payload
and Content Negotiation", draft-ietf-httpbis-p3-payload-18 and Content Negotiation",
(work in progress), January 2012. draft-ietf-httpbis-p3-payload-latest (work in progress),
February 2012.
[Part4] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., [Part4] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 4: Conditional and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 4: Conditional
Requests", draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-18 (work in Requests", draft-ietf-httpbis-p4-conditional-latest (work
progress), January 2012. in progress), February 2012.
[Part5] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., [Part5] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 5: Range Requests and and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 5: Range Requests and
Partial Responses", draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-18 (work Partial Responses", draft-ietf-httpbis-p5-range-latest
in progress), January 2012. (work in progress), February 2012.
[Part6] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., [Part6] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
Nottingham, M., Ed., and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part Nottingham, M., Ed., and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part
6: Caching", draft-ietf-httpbis-p6-cache-18 (work in 6: Caching", draft-ietf-httpbis-p6-cache-latest (work in
progress), January 2012. progress), February 2012.
[Part7] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., [Part7] Fielding, R., Ed., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed., Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T., Lafon, Y., Ed.,
and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 7: Authentication", and J. Reschke, Ed., "HTTP/1.1, part 7: Authentication",
draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-18 (work in progress), draft-ietf-httpbis-p7-auth-latest (work in progress),
January 2012. February 2012.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, January 2005. RFC 3986, January 2005.
[RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax [RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008. Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.
skipping to change at page 56, line 36 skipping to change at page 55, line 38
Clarify definition of POST. (Section 6.5) Clarify definition of POST. (Section 6.5)
Remove requirement to handle all Content-* header fields; ban use of Remove requirement to handle all Content-* header fields; ban use of
Content-Range with PUT. (Section 6.6) Content-Range with PUT. (Section 6.6)
Take over definition of CONNECT method from [RFC2817]. (Section 6.9) Take over definition of CONNECT method from [RFC2817]. (Section 6.9)
Broadened the definition of 203 (Non-Authoritative Information) to Broadened the definition of 203 (Non-Authoritative Information) to
include cases of payload transformations as well. (Section 7.2.4) include cases of payload transformations as well. (Section 7.2.4)
Removed the normative requirements on response payloads for status
codes 301, 302, and 307. (Section 7.3)
Failed to consider that there are many other request methods that are Failed to consider that there are many other request methods that are
safe to automatically redirect, and further that the user agent is safe to automatically redirect, and further that the user agent is
able to make that determination based on the request method able to make that determination based on the request method
semantics. Furthermore, allow user agents to rewrite the method from semantics. Furthermore, allow user agents to rewrite the method from
POST to GET for status codes 301 and 302. (Sections 7.3.2, 7.3.3 and POST to GET for status codes 301 and 302. (Sections 7.3.2, 7.3.3 and
7.3.8) 7.3.7)
Deprecate 305 Use Proxy status code, because user agents did not Deprecate 305 Use Proxy status code, because user agents did not
implement it. It used to indicate that the target resource must be implement it. It used to indicate that the target resource must be
accessed through the proxy given by the Location field. The Location accessed through the proxy given by the Location field. The Location
field gave the URI of the proxy. The recipient was expected to field gave the URI of the proxy. The recipient was expected to
repeat this single request via the proxy. (Section 7.3.6) repeat this single request via the proxy. (Section 7.3.5)
Define status 426 (Upgrade Required) (this was incorporated from Define status 426 (Upgrade Required) (this was incorporated from
[RFC2817]). (Section 7.4.19) [RFC2817]). (Section 7.4.15)
Change ABNF productions for header fields to only define the field Change ABNF productions for header fields to only define the field
value. (Section 9) value. (Section 9)
Reclassify "Allow" as response header field, removing the option to Reclassify "Allow" as response header field, removing the option to
specify it in a PUT request. Relax the server requirement on the specify it in a PUT request. Relax the server requirement on the
contents of the Allow header field and remove requirement on clients contents of the Allow header field and remove requirement on clients
to always trust the header field value. (Section 9.1) to always trust the header field value. (Section 9.1)
The ABNF for the Expect header field has been both fixed (allowing The ABNF for the Expect header field has been both fixed (allowing
parameters for value-less expectations as well) and simplified parameters for value-less expectations as well) and simplified
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In the description of the Server header field, the Via field was In the description of the Server header field, the Via field was
described as a SHOULD. The requirement was and is stated correctly described as a SHOULD. The requirement was and is stated correctly
in the description of the Via header field in Section 8.8 of [Part1]. in the description of the Via header field in Section 8.8 of [Part1].
(Section 9.9) (Section 9.9)
Appendix B. Collected ABNF Appendix B. Collected ABNF
Allow = [ ( "," / Method ) *( OWS "," [ OWS Method ] ) ] Allow = [ ( "," / Method ) *( OWS "," [ OWS Method ] ) ]
BWS = <BWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> BWS = <BWS, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.1>
Date = HTTP-date Date = HTTP-date
Expect = *( "," OWS ) expectation *( OWS "," [ OWS expectation ] ) Expect = *( "," OWS ) expectation *( OWS "," [ OWS expectation ] )
From = mailbox From = mailbox
GMT = %x47.4D.54 ; GMT GMT = %x47.4D.54 ; GMT
HTTP-date = rfc1123-date / obs-date HTTP-date = rfc1123-date / obs-date
skipping to change at page 57, line 48 skipping to change at page 57, line 4
Date = HTTP-date Date = HTTP-date
Expect = *( "," OWS ) expectation *( OWS "," [ OWS expectation ] ) Expect = *( "," OWS ) expectation *( OWS "," [ OWS expectation ] )
From = mailbox From = mailbox
GMT = %x47.4D.54 ; GMT GMT = %x47.4D.54 ; GMT
HTTP-date = rfc1123-date / obs-date HTTP-date = rfc1123-date / obs-date
Location = URI-reference Location = URI-reference
Max-Forwards = 1*DIGIT Max-Forwards = 1*DIGIT
Method = token Method = token
OWS = <OWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> OWS = <OWS, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.1>
RWS = <RWS, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> RWS = <RWS, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.1>
Reason-Phrase = *( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text ) Reason-Phrase = *( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )
Referer = absolute-URI / partial-URI Referer = absolute-URI / partial-URI
Retry-After = HTTP-date / delta-seconds Retry-After = HTTP-date / delta-seconds
Server = product *( RWS ( product / comment ) ) Server = product *( RWS ( product / comment ) )
Status-Code = 3DIGIT Status-Code = 3DIGIT
URI-reference = <URI-reference, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7> URI-reference = <URI-reference, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7>
User-Agent = product *( RWS ( product / comment ) ) User-Agent = product *( RWS ( product / comment ) )
absolute-URI = <absolute-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7> absolute-URI = <absolute-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7>
asctime-date = day-name SP date3 SP time-of-day SP year asctime-date = day-name SP date3 SP time-of-day SP year
comment = <comment, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2> comment = <comment, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.4>
date1 = day SP month SP year date1 = day SP month SP year
date2 = day "-" month "-" 2DIGIT date2 = day "-" month "-" 2DIGIT
date3 = month SP ( 2DIGIT / ( SP DIGIT ) ) date3 = month SP ( 2DIGIT / ( SP DIGIT ) )
day = 2DIGIT day = 2DIGIT
day-name = %x4D.6F.6E ; Mon day-name = %x4D.6F.6E ; Mon
/ %x54.75.65 ; Tue / %x54.75.65 ; Tue
/ %x57.65.64 ; Wed / %x57.65.64 ; Wed
/ %x54.68.75 ; Thu / %x54.68.75 ; Thu
/ %x46.72.69 ; Fri / %x46.72.69 ; Fri
skipping to change at page 59, line 20 skipping to change at page 58, line 23
/ %x4D.61.79 ; May / %x4D.61.79 ; May
/ %x4A.75.6E ; Jun / %x4A.75.6E ; Jun
/ %x4A.75.6C ; Jul / %x4A.75.6C ; Jul
/ %x41.75.67 ; Aug / %x41.75.67 ; Aug
/ %x53.65.70 ; Sep / %x53.65.70 ; Sep
/ %x4F.63.74 ; Oct / %x4F.63.74 ; Oct
/ %x4E.6F.76 ; Nov / %x4E.6F.76 ; Nov
/ %x44.65.63 ; Dec / %x44.65.63 ; Dec
obs-date = rfc850-date / asctime-date obs-date = rfc850-date / asctime-date
obs-text = <obs-text, defined in [Part1], Section 1.2.2> obs-text = <obs-text, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.4>
partial-URI = <partial-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7> partial-URI = <partial-URI, defined in [Part1], Section 2.7>
product = <product, defined in [Part1], Section 5.2> product = <product, defined in [Part1], Section 5.2>
quoted-string = <quoted-string, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.3> quoted-string = <quoted-string, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.4>
rfc1123-date = day-name "," SP date1 SP time-of-day SP GMT rfc1123-date = day-name "," SP date1 SP time-of-day SP GMT
rfc850-date = day-name-l "," SP date2 SP time-of-day SP GMT rfc850-date = day-name-l "," SP date2 SP time-of-day SP GMT
second = 2DIGIT second = 2DIGIT
time-of-day = hour ":" minute ":" second time-of-day = hour ":" minute ":" second
token = <token, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.3> token = <token, defined in [Part1], Section 3.2.4>
year = 4DIGIT year = 4DIGIT
ABNF diagnostics: ABNF diagnostics:
; Allow defined but not used ; Allow defined but not used
; Date defined but not used ; Date defined but not used
; Expect defined but not used ; Expect defined but not used
; From defined but not used ; From defined but not used
; Location defined but not used ; Location defined but not used
; Max-Forwards defined but not used ; Max-Forwards defined but not used
; Reason-Phrase defined but not used ; Reason-Phrase defined but not used
; Referer defined but not used ; Referer defined but not used
skipping to change at page 68, line 21 skipping to change at page 67, line 31
o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/325>: "When are o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/325>: "When are
Location's semantics triggered?" Location's semantics triggered?"
o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/327>: "'expect' o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/327>: "'expect'
grammar missing OWS" grammar missing OWS"
o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/329>: "header field o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/329>: "header field
considerations: quoted-string vs use of double quotes" considerations: quoted-string vs use of double quotes"
C.20. Since draft-ietf-httpbis-p2-semantics-18
Closed issues:
o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/332>: "relax
requirements on hypertext in 3/4/5xx error responses"
o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/333>: "example for
426 response should have a payload"
o <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/httpbis/trac/ticket/336>: "drop
indirection entries for status codes"
Index Index
1 1
100 Continue (status code) 26 100 Continue (status code) 26
100-continue (expect value) 44 100-continue (expect value) 43
101 Switching Protocols (status code) 26 101 Switching Protocols (status code) 26
2 2
200 OK (status code) 27 200 OK (status code) 27
201 Created (status code) 27 201 Created (status code) 27
202 Accepted (status code) 28 202 Accepted (status code) 28
203 Non-Authoritative Information (status code) 28 203 Non-Authoritative Information (status code) 28
204 No Content (status code) 28 204 No Content (status code) 28
205 Reset Content (status code) 29 205 Reset Content (status code) 29
206 Partial Content (status code) 29
3 3
300 Multiple Choices (status code) 30 300 Multiple Choices (status code) 30
301 Moved Permanently (status code) 31 301 Moved Permanently (status code) 31
302 Found (status code) 32 302 Found (status code) 31
303 See Other (status code) 32 303 See Other (status code) 32
304 Not Modified (status code) 33
305 Use Proxy (status code) 33 305 Use Proxy (status code) 33
306 (Unused) (status code) 33 306 (Unused) (status code) 33
307 Temporary Redirect (status code) 33 307 Temporary Redirect (status code) 33
4 4
400 Bad Request (status code) 34 400 Bad Request (status code) 34
401 Unauthorized (status code) 34
402 Payment Required (status code) 34 402 Payment Required (status code) 34
403 Forbidden (status code) 34 403 Forbidden (status code) 34
404 Not Found (status code) 35 404 Not Found (status code) 34
405 Method Not Allowed (status code) 35 405 Method Not Allowed (status code) 34
406 Not Acceptable (status code) 35 406 Not Acceptable (status code) 34
407 Proxy Authentication Required (status code) 36 408 Request Timeout (status code) 35
408 Request Timeout (status code) 36 409 Conflict (status code) 35
409 Conflict (status code) 36
410 Gone (status code) 36 410 Gone (status code) 36
411 Length Required (status code) 37 411 Length Required (status code) 36
412 Precondition Failed (status code) 37 413 Request Representation Too Large (status code) 36
413 Request Representation Too Large (status code) 37 414 URI Too Long (status code) 36
414 URI Too Long (status code) 37
415 Unsupported Media Type (status code) 37 415 Unsupported Media Type (status code) 37
416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable (status code) 38 417 Expectation Failed (status code) 37
417 Expectation Failed (status code) 38 426 Upgrade Required (status code) 37
426 Upgrade Required (status code) 38
5 5
500 Internal Server Error (status code) 38 500 Internal Server Error (status code) 38
501 Not Implemented (status code) 39 501 Not Implemented (status code) 38
502 Bad Gateway (status code) 39 502 Bad Gateway (status code) 38
503 Service Unavailable (status code) 39 503 Service Unavailable (status code) 38
504 Gateway Timeout (status code) 39 504 Gateway Timeout (status code) 38
505 HTTP Version Not Supported (status code) 39 505 HTTP Version Not Supported (status code) 38
A A
Allow header field 42 Allow header field 41
C C
CONNECT method 24 CONNECT method 24
D D
Date header field 43 Date header field 42
DELETE method 23 DELETE method 23
E E
Expect header field 44 Expect header field 43
Expect Values Expect Values
100-continue 44 100-continue 43
F F
From header field 44 From header field 43
G G
GET method 19 GET method 19
Grammar Grammar
Allow 42 Allow 41
asctime-date 42 asctime-date 41
Date 43 Date 42
date1 41 date1 40
day 41 day 40
day-name 41 day-name 40
day-name-l 41 day-name-l 40
delta-seconds 47 delta-seconds 46
Expect 44 Expect 43
expect-name 44 expect-name 43
expect-param 44 expect-param 43
expect-value 44 expect-value 43
expectation 44 expectation 43
extension-code 13 extension-code 13
From 45 From 44
GMT 41 GMT 40
hour 41 hour 40
HTTP-date 40 HTTP-date 39
Location 45 Location 44
Max-Forwards 46 Max-Forwards 45
Method 7 Method 7
minute 41 minute 40
month 41 month 40
obs-date 41 obs-date 40
Reason-Phrase 13 Reason-Phrase 13
Referer 47 Referer 46
Retry-After 47 Retry-After 46
rfc850-date 42 rfc850-date 41
rfc1123-date 41 rfc1123-date 40
second 41 second 40
Server 48 Server 47
Status-Code 13 Status-Code 13
time-of-day 41 time-of-day 40
User-Agent 49 User-Agent 48
year 41 year 40
H H
HEAD method 19 HEAD method 19
Header Fields Header Fields
Allow 42 Allow 41
Date 43 Date 42
Expect 44 Expect 43
From 44 From 43
Location 45 Location 44
Max-Forwards 46 Max-Forwards 45
Referer 47 Referer 46
Retry-After 47 Retry-After 46
Server 48 Server 47
User-Agent 48 User-Agent 47
I I
Idempotent Methods 17 Idempotent Methods 17
L L
Location header field 45 Location header field 44
M M
Max-Forwards header field 46 Max-Forwards header field 45
Methods Methods
CONNECT 24 CONNECT 24
DELETE 23 DELETE 23
GET 19 GET 19
HEAD 19 HEAD 19
OPTIONS 18 OPTIONS 18
POST 20 POST 20
PUT 21 PUT 21
TRACE 23 TRACE 23
O O
OPTIONS method 18 OPTIONS method 18
P P
POST method 20 POST method 20
PUT method 21 PUT method 21
R R
Referer header field 47 Referer header field 46
Retry-After header field 47 Retry-After header field 46
S S
Safe Methods 17 Safe Methods 17
Server header field 48 Server header field 47
Status Codes Status Codes
100 Continue 26 100 Continue 26
101 Switching Protocols 26 101 Switching Protocols 26
200 OK 27 200 OK 27
201 Created 27 201 Created 27
202 Accepted 28 202 Accepted 28
203 Non-Authoritative Information 28 203 Non-Authoritative Information 28
204 No Content 28 204 No Content 28
205 Reset Content 29 205 Reset Content 29
206 Partial Content 29
300 Multiple Choices 30 300 Multiple Choices 30
301 Moved Permanently 31 301 Moved Permanently 31
302 Found 32 302 Found 31
303 See Other 32 303 See Other 32
304 Not Modified 33
305 Use Proxy 33 305 Use Proxy 33
306 (Unused) 33 306 (Unused) 33
307 Temporary Redirect 33 307 Temporary Redirect 33
400 Bad Request 34 400 Bad Request 34
401 Unauthorized 34
402 Payment Required 34 402 Payment Required 34
403 Forbidden 34 403 Forbidden 34
404 Not Found 35 404 Not Found 34
405 Method Not Allowed 35 405 Method Not Allowed 34
406 Not Acceptable 35 406 Not Acceptable 34
407 Proxy Authentication Required 36 408 Request Timeout 35
408 Request Timeout 36 409 Conflict 35
409 Conflict 36
410 Gone 36 410 Gone 36
411 Length Required 37 411 Length Required 36
412 Precondition Failed 37 413 Request Representation Too Large 36
413 Request Representation Too Large 37 414 URI Too Long 36
414 URI Too Long 37
415 Unsupported Media Type 37 415 Unsupported Media Type 37
416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable 38 417 Expectation Failed 37
417 Expectation Failed 38 426 Upgrade Required 37
426 Upgrade Required 38
500 Internal Server Error 38 500 Internal Server Error 38
501 Not Implemented 39 501 Not Implemented 38
502 Bad Gateway 39 502 Bad Gateway 38
503 Service Unavailable 39 503 Service Unavailable 38
504 Gateway Timeout 39 504 Gateway Timeout 38
505 HTTP Version Not Supported 39 505 HTTP Version Not Supported 38
T T
TRACE method 23 TRACE method 23
U U
User-Agent header field 48 User-Agent header field 47
Authors' Addresses Authors' Addresses
Roy T. Fielding (editor) Roy T. Fielding (editor)
Adobe Systems Incorporated Adobe Systems Incorporated
345 Park Ave 345 Park Ave
San Jose, CA 95110 San Jose, CA 95110
USA USA
EMail: fielding@gbiv.com EMail: fielding@gbiv.com
 End of changes. 119 change blocks. 
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