Network Working GroupM. Nottingham
Internet-DraftMay 5, 2010
Updates: 4287 (if approved)
Intended status: Standards Track
Expires: November 6, 2010

Web Linking

Note: a later version of this document has been published as RFC 5988.

Abstract

This document specifies relation types for Web links, and defines a registry for them. It also defines the use of such links in HTTP headers with the Link header-field.

Status of this Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

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This Internet-Draft will expire on November 6, 2010.

Copyright Notice

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1. Introduction

A means of indicating the relationships between resources on the Web, as well as indicating the type of those relationships, has been available for some time in HTML [W3C.REC-html401-19991224], and more recently in Atom [RFC4287]. These mechanisms, although conceptually similar, are separately specified. However, links between resources need not be format-specific; it can be useful to have typed links that are independent of their serialisation, especially when a resource has representations in multiple formats.

To this end, this document defines a framework for typed links that isn't specific to a particular serialisation or application. It does so by re-defining the link relation registry established by Atom to have a broader domain, and adding to it the relations that are defined by HTML.

Furthermore, an HTTP header-field for conveying typed links was defined in Section 19.6.2.4 of [RFC2068], but removed from [RFC2616], due to a lack of implementation experience. Since then, it has been implemented in some User-Agents (e.g., for stylesheets), and several additional use cases have surfaced.

Because it was removed, the status of the Link header is unclear, leading some to consider minting new application-specific HTTP headers instead of reusing it. This document addresses this by re-specifying the Link header as one such serialisation, with updated but backwards-compatible syntax.

2. Notational Conventions

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, [RFC2119], as scoped to those conformance targets.

This document uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation of [RFC2616], and explicitly includes the following rules from it: quoted-string, token, SP (space), LOALPHA, DIGIT.

Additionally, the following rules are included from [RFC3986]: URI and URI-Reference; from [RFC4288]: type-name and subtype-name; from [W3C.REC-html401-19991224]: MediaDesc; from [RFC5646]: Language-Tag; and from [I-D.reschke-rfc2231-in-http], ext-value and parmname.

6. IANA Considerations

6.3. Link Relation Application Data Registry

This specification also establishes the Link Relation Application Field Registry, to allow entries in the Link Relation Type Registry to be extended with application-specific data (hereafter, "app data") specific to all instances of a given link relation type.

Application data is registered on the advice of a Designated Expert (appointed by the IESG or their delegate), with a Specification Required (using terminology from [RFC5226]).

Registration requests consist of the completed registration template below;

  • Application Name:
  • Description:
  • Default Value:
  • Notes: [optional]

The Description SHOULD identify the value space of the app data. The Default Value MUST be appropriate to entries which the app data does not apply to.

Entries that pre-date the addition of app data will automatically be considered to have the default value for that app data; if there are exceptions, the modification of such entries should be coordinated by the Designated Expert(s), in consultation with the author of the proposed app data as well as the registrant of the existing entry (if possible).

Registration requests should be sent to the [TBD]@ietf.org mailing list, marked clearly in the subject line (e.g,. "NEW APP DATA").

Within at most 14 days of the request, the Designated Expert will either approve or deny the registration request, communicating this decision to the review list. Denials should include an explanation and, if applicable, suggestions as to how to make the request successful. Registration requests that are undetermined for a period longer than 21 days can be brought to the IESG's attention (using the iesg@iesg.org mailing list) for resolution.

When a registration request is successful, the Designated Expert will forward it to IANA for publication. IANA should only accept registry updates from the Designated Expert(s), and should direct all requests for registration to the review mailing list.

7. Security Considerations

The content of the Link header-field is not secure, private or integrity-guaranteed, and due caution should be exercised when using it. Use of TLS with HTTP ([RFC2818] and [RFC2817]) is currently the only end-to-end way to provide such protection.

Applications that take advantage of typed links should consider the attack vectors opened by automatically following, trusting, or otherwise using links gathered from HTTP headers. In particular, Link headers that use the "anchor" parameter to associate a link's context with another resource should be treated with due caution.

The Link entity-header field makes extensive use of IRIs and URIs. See [RFC3987] for security considerations relating to IRIs. See [RFC3986] for security considerations relating to URIs. See [RFC2616] for security considerations relating to HTTP headers.

8. Internationalisation Considerations

Target IRIs may need to be converted to URIs in order to express them in serialisations that do not support IRIs. This includes the Link HTTP header.

Similarly, the anchor parameter of the Link header does not support IRIs, and therefore IRIs must be converted to URIs before inclusion there.

Relation types are defined as URIs, not IRIs, to aid in their comparison. It is not expected that they will be displayed to end users.

9. References

9.1. Normative References

[I-D.reschke-rfc2231-in-http]
Reschke, J., “Character Set and Language Encoding for Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Header Field Parameters”, Internet-Draft draft-reschke-rfc2231-in-http-12 (work in progress), April 2010.
[RFC2026]
Bradner, S., “The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3”, BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
[RFC2119]
Bradner, S., “Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels”, BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2616]
Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, “Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1”, RFC 2616, June 1999.
[RFC3864]
Klyne, G., Nottingham, M., and J. Mogul, “Registration Procedures for Message Header Fields”, BCP 90, RFC 3864, September 2004.
[RFC3986]
Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, “Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax”, STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005.
[RFC3987]
Duerst, M. and M. Suignard, “Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs)”, RFC 3987, January 2005.
[RFC4288]
Freed, N. and J. Klensin, “Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures”, BCP 13, RFC 4288, December 2005.
[RFC5226]
Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, “Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs”, BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008.
[RFC5646]
Phillips, A. and M. Davis, “Tags for Identifying Languages”, BCP 47, RFC 5646, September 2009.

9.2. Informative References

[RFC2068]
Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Nielsen, H., and T. Berners-Lee, “Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1”, RFC 2068, January 1997.
[RFC2817]
Khare, R. and S. Lawrence, “Upgrading to TLS Within HTTP/1.1”, RFC 2817, May 2000.
[RFC2818]
Rescorla, E., “HTTP Over TLS”, RFC 2818, May 2000.
[RFC4287]
Nottingham, M. and R. Sayre, “The Atom Syndication Format”, RFC 4287, December 2005.
[RFC4685]
Snell, J., “Atom Threading Extensions”, RFC 4685, September 2006.
[RFC4946]
Snell, J., “Atom License Extension”, RFC 4946, July 2007.
[RFC5005]
Nottingham, M., “Feed Paging and Archiving”, RFC 5005, September 2007.
[RFC5023]
Gregorio, J. and B. de hOra, “The Atom Publishing Protocol”, RFC 5023, October 2007.
[RFC5829]
Brown, A., Clemm, G., and J. Reschke, “Link Relation Types for Simple Version Navigation between Web Resources”, RFC 5829, April 2010.
[W3C.CR-css3-mediaqueries-20090915]
van Kesteren, A., Glazman, D., Lie, H., and T. Çelik, “Media Queries”, W3C Candidate Recommendation CR-css3-mediaqueries-20090915, September 2009, <http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-css3-mediaqueries-20090915/>.
Latest version available at <http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/>.
[W3C.CR-curie-20090116]
Birbeck, M. and S. McCarron, “CURIE Syntax 1.0”, W3C Candidate Recommendation CR-curie-20090116, January 2009, <http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-curie-20090116>.
Latest version available at <http://www.w3.org/TR/curie>.
[W3C.REC-html401-19991224]
Le Hors, A., Raggett, D., and I. Jacobs, “HTML 4.01 Specification”, W3C Recommendation REC-html401-19991224, December 1999, <http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224>.
Latest version available at <http://www.w3.org/TR/html401>.
[W3C.REC-rdfa-syntax-20081014]
Adida, B., Birbeck, M., McCarron, S., and S. Pemberton, “RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing”, W3C Recommendation REC-rdfa-syntax-20081014, October 2008, <http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdfa-syntax-20081014>.
Latest version available at <http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-syntax>.
[W3C.REC-xhtml-basic-20080729]
Baker, M., Ishikawa, M., Stark, P., Matsui, S., Wugofski, T., and T. Yamakami, “XHTML™ Basic 1.1”, W3C Recommendation REC-xhtml-basic-20080729, July 2008, <http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xhtml-basic-20080729>.
Latest version available at <http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic>.

Appendix A. Link Relation Registry Format

To facilitate applications that wish to use registry data in an automated fashion, this specification defines an XML-based format for the registry entries.

Each registered relation type is represented by a RelationType element, and if any of the app data values are other than the default value identified in the Application Data Registry, they will be represented by appdata elements.

Note that this format is NOT that which IANA publishes the registry in, because doing so would subject IANA's servers to, potentially, very high load (e.g., if Web browsers were to automatically update their copies of the registry). Instead, this format is published to the [TBD-2]@ietf.org mailing list, so that interested implementors can subscribe and distribute the machine-readable document using their own infrastructure.

A.1. Relax NG Grammar

element RelationTypes {
  element RelationType {
    attribute name { text },
    attribute reference { text },
    element description { text }, 
    element notes { text }?,
    element appdata {
      attribute name { text },
      text
    }*
  }+
}

A.2. Example

<RelationTypes>
  <!--
  Copyright (c) <year> The IETF Trust

  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
  a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the 
  "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including 
  without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, 
  distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to 
  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
  the following conditions:

  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be 
  included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, 
  EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF 
  MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND 
  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS 
  BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN 
  ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN 
  CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 
  SOFTWARE.
  -->
  <RelationType name="example"
                reference="http://www.example.org/example_spec">
    <description>This is an example relation type.</description>
    <appdata name="foo">This is the value of Foo.</appdata>
  </RelationType>
  <!-- ... -->
</RelationTypes>

Appendix D. Acknowledgements

This specification lifts the idea and definition for the Link header from RFC2068; credit for it belongs entirely to the authors of and contributors to that document. The link relation type registrations themselves are sourced from several documents; see the applicable references.

The author would like to thank the many people who commented upon, encouraged and gave feedback to this specification, especially including Frank Ellermann, Roy Fielding, Eran Hammer-Lahav, and Julian Reschke.

Appendix E. Document history

[[ to be removed by the RFC editor before publication as an RFC. ]]

-10 (result of IESG review)

-09

-08

-07

-06

-05

-04

-03

-02

-01

-00

Author's Address

Mark Nottingham
EMail: mnot@mnot.net
URI: http://www.mnot.net/