The HTTP Wrap Up Capsule

Introduction , and all have the notion of persistent connections, where a single connection can carry multiple request and response messages. While it is expected that the connection persists, there are situations where a client or server may wish to terminate the connection gracefully. An HTTP/1.1 connection can be terminated by using a Connection header field with the close option; see . When a connection has short-lived requests/responses, this mechanism allows timely and non-disruptive connection termination. However, when requests/responses are longer lived, the opportunity to use headers happens less frequently (or not at all). There is no way for client or server to signal a future intent to terminate the connection. Instead, an abrupt termination, realized via a transport-layer close or reset, is required, which is potentially disruptive and can lead to truncated content. HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 support request multiplexing, making header-based connection lifecycle control impractical. Connection headers are prohibited entirely. Instead, a shutdown process using the GOAWAY frame is defined (see and ). GOAWAY signals a future intent to terminate the connection, supporting cases such as scheduled maintenance. Active requests/responses can continue to run, while new requests need to be sent on a new HTTP connection. Endpoints that use GOAWAY typically have a grace period in which requests/responses can run naturally to completion. If they run longer than the grace period, they are abruptly terminated when the transport layer is closed or reset, which is potentially disruptive and can lead to truncated content.

The Need for a Request Termination Intent Signal Intermediaries (see ) can provide a variety of benefits to HTTP systems, such as load balancing, caching, and privacy improvements. Deployments of intermediaries also need to be maintained, which can sometimes require taking intermediaries temporarily offline. For example, if a gateway has a client HTTP/2 connection and needs to go down for maintenance, it can send a GOAWAY to stop the client issuing requests that would be forwarded to the origin.

+--------+ +---------+ +--------+ | Client | | Gateway | | Origin | | | | * | | * | | +======+ GOAWAY| +~~~~~~+ | | | <----------------+ | | | HTTP Responses| | | <--------------------------------+ | | +======+ +~~~~~~+ | +--------+ ^ +---------+ ^ +--------+ | | TLS --' '-- TLS The connection close details described above apply to an intermediary's upstream and downstream connections. Since a proxy can do request aggregation or fan out, there is no guarantee of a 1:1 ratio of upstream/downstream. As such, the lifetimes of these connections are not coupled tightly. For example, a gateway can terminate a client HTTP/2 connections and map individual requests to an origin HTTP/1.1 connection pool. If any single origin connection indicates an intent to close, it doesn't make sense for the gateway to issue a GOAWAY to the client, or to respond to a client GOAWAY by closing connections in the pool. Long-lived requests pose a problem for maintenance, especially for HTTP/2 and HTTP/3, and even more so for intermediaries. Sometimes they need to terminate individual request streams in order to facilitate load balancing or impose data limits, while leaving the connection still active. GOAWAY is not suitable for this task. Some applications using HTTP have their own control plane running over HTTP, that could be used for a graceful termination. For example, WebSockets has separate control and data frames. The Close frame () is used for the WebSocket close sequence. However, in the maintenance scenario, an intermediary that is not WebSocket aware cannot use the formal sequence. Nor is there any standard for it to signal to the endpoints to initiate that sequence. Some intermediaries are WebSocket aware, and in theory could send Close frames. However, there can be other considerations that prevent this working effectively in real deployments, since the intermediary is a generic proxy that may invalidate endpoint expectations. Many long-lived HTTP request types do not have control messages that could signal an intent to terminate the request. For example, see CONNECT () or connect-udp ({?CONNECT-UDP=RFC9298}}). In these models, the client requests that a proxy create a tunnel to a target origin. On success, the newly established tunnel is used as the underlying transport to then establish a second HTTP connection directly to the origin. In that situation, the proxy cannot inspect the contents of the tunnel, nor inject any data into it; the proxy only sees a single long-lived request. The proxy is responsible for managing the lifetime of the tunnel, but can only terminate it abortively. Such abrupt termination can lead to truncated content, which the client cannot safely request again. This is especially disruptive if the tunnelled HTTP connection has many active requests. Web browsers, for example, commonly cannot retry failed proxied requests when they cannot ascertain whether an in-progress request was acted on. To avoid user-visible failures, it is best for the proxy to inform the client of upcoming request stream terminations in advance of the actual termination. This allows the client to wrap up existing operations related to that stream and start sending new work to a different stream or connection.

The WRAP_UP Capsule

+--------+ +---------+ +--------+ | Client | | Proxy | | Origin | | | | * | | * | | +======+WRAP_UP| | | | | | <----------------+ | | | | | +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~+ | | | HTTP Responses| | | <--------------------------------+ | | +~~~~~~+~~~~~~~~~+~~~~~~+ | | +======+ | ^ + | +--------+ ^ +---------+ | +--------+ | | TLS --' '-- TLS This document specifies a new "WRAP_UP" capsule (see ), which a server can send on an HTTP Data Stream, to inform a client that it intends to close the stream. An HTTP proxy can send a WRAP_UP capsule to instruct a client that it should not start new requests on a tunneled connection, while still allowing it to finish existing requests.

Conventions and Definitions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. This document uses the terms "connection", "client", and "server" from and the terms "intermediary", "proxy", and "gateway" from .

Mechanism This document defines the "WRAP_UP" capsule (see for the value). The WRAP_UP capsule allows a proxy to indicate to a client that it wishes to close the request stream that the capsule was sent on. The WRAP_UP capsule has no Capsule Value.

Proxy Behavior Proxies often know in advance that they will close a request stream. This can be due to maintenance of the proxy itself, load balancing, or applying data usage limits on a particular stream. When a proxy has advance notice that it will soon close a request stream, it MAY send a WRAP_UP capsule to share that information with the client. This can also be used when the proxy wishes to release resources associated with a request stream, such as HTTP Datagrams (see ) or WebTransport streams (see ).

Client Handling When a client receives a WRAP_UP capsule on a request stream, it SHOULD try to wrap up its use of that stream. For example, if the stream carried a connect-udp request and is used as the underlying transport for an HTTP/3 connection, then after receiving a WRAP_UP capsule the client SHOULD NOT send any new requests on the proxied HTTP/3 connection - but existing in-progress proxied requests are not affected by the WRAP_UP capsule.

Minutiae Clients MUST NOT send the WRAP_UP capsule. If a server receives a WRAP_UP capsule, it MUST abort the corresponding request stream. Endpoints MUST NOT send the WRAP_UP capsule with a non-zero Capsule Length. If an endpoint receives a WRAP_UP capsule with a non-zero Capsule Length, it MUST abort the corresponding request stream. Proxies MUST NOT send more than one WRAP_UP capsule on a given stream. If a client receives a second WRAP_UP capsule on a given request stream, it MUST abort the stream. Endpoints that abort the request stream due to an unexpected or malformed WRAP_UP capsule MUST follow the error-handling procedure defined in .